READS Lab
The READS Lab
The Model of Reading Engagement (MORE)
READS for Summer Learning
Explore READS Lab Research
Estimating causal effects on psychological networks using item response theory
This study shows how item response theory can be used to estimate causal effects on psychological network structure, revealing intervention impacts on how skills or symptoms are interconnected beyond average score changes.
A Longitudinal Randomized Trial of a Sustained Content Literacy Intervention from First to Second Grade: Transfer Effects on Students’ Reading Comprehension
This study shows that sustaining a content literacy intervention from first to second grade improves reading comprehension by building knowledge schemas that enable students to transfer learning to new, content-rich texts.
Improving reading comprehension, science domain knowledge, and reading engagement through a first grade content literacy intervention
This study shows that a short, first-grade content literacy intervention can significantly strengthen science knowledge and reading comprehension without harming foundational literacy skills or engagement.
Improving second-grade reading comprehension through a sustained content literacy intervention: A mixed-methods study examining the mediating role of domain-specific vocabulary
This study shows that sustained content literacy instruction improves second-grade reading comprehension primarily by building interconnected networks of domain-specific vocabulary over time.
Using a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) to Develop an Adaptive K-2 Literacy Intervention with Personalized Print Texts and App-Based Digital Activities
This study shows that a SMART-designed, adaptive K–2 literacy intervention can improve reading outcomes—especially for nonresponders—when personalized print texts and apps are paired with targeted parent text-message supports.
Measures Matter: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Educational Apps on Preschool to Grade 3 Children’s Literacy and Math Skills
This meta-analysis shows that educational apps can meaningfully improve early literacy and math—especially for preschoolers and constrained skills—but their effectiveness varies widely based on age, skill type, and outcome measurement.
Using a Factorial Design to Maximize the Effectiveness of a Parental Text Messaging Intervention
This study shows that parental text messaging is most effective when messages are personalized and thoughtfully framed, with certain combinations of message content producing stronger gains in student reading than others.
Modeling Item-Level Heterogeneous Treatment Effects With the Explanatory Item Response Model: Leveraging Large-Scale Online Assessments to Pinpoint the Impact of Educational Interventions
This study shows that modeling item-level heterogeneous treatment effects with the Explanatory Item Response Model can reveal meaningful intervention impacts on specific assessment items that are hidden by average test-score analyses.
Combining Human and Automated Scoring Methods in Experimental Assessments of Writing: A Case Study Tutorial
This study shows how combining human scoring with automated text analysis can deepen understanding of writing intervention impacts by revealing the linguistic and cognitive mechanisms behind improved student writing.
Understanding Heterogeneous Patterns of Family Engagement With Educational Technology to Inform School-Family Communication in Linguistically Diverse Communities
This study shows that families engage with educational technology in distinct ways—and that multilingual, two-way text messaging is especially effective for supporting equitable family engagement in linguistically diverse communities.
Leveraging Item Parameter Drift to Assess Transfer Effects in Vocabulary Learning
This study shows that modeling item parameter drift with the Explanatory Item Response Model reveals durable transfer effects of a content literacy intervention, with especially strong and persistent gains on untaught vocabulary words.
Building a Science of Teaching Reading and Vocabulary: Experimental Effects of Structured Supplements for a Read Aloud Lesson on Third Graders’ Domain-Specific Reading Comprehension
This study shows that adding structured supplements to a single read-aloud lesson significantly improves third graders’ domain-specific reading comprehension by increasing teachers’ use of academic vocabulary and schema-building dialogue.
Improving Elementary Grade Students’ Science and Social Studies Vocabulary Knowledge Depth, Reading Comprehension, and Argumentative Writing: a Conceptual Replication
This large-scale replication study confirms that the MORE content literacy intervention substantially improves elementary students’ science and social studies vocabulary and argumentative writing, with vocabulary growth serving as a key mechanism for
Asset-Based Implementation of Structured Adaptations in an Online Third-Grade Content Literacy Intervention
This study shows that supporting teachers to make structured, asset-based adaptations within an evidence-based literacy intervention improves student engagement and science reading outcomes in online learning environments.
Effects of Tier 1 Content Literacy Intervention on Early-Grade English Learners’ Reading and Writing: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Domain-Specific Vocabulary and Oral Language Proficiency
This study shows that a Tier 1 content literacy intervention significantly improves early-grade English learners’ argumentative writing and supports reading development through gains in academic vocabulary and oral language proficiency.
Time to Transfer: Long-Term Effects of a Sustained and Spiraled Content Literacy Intervention in the Elementary Grades
This study shows that a sustained, spiraled content literacy curriculum from Grades 1–3 produces lasting gains in reading, science comprehension, and mathematics that persist through Grade 4.
Measures Matter: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Educational Apps on Preschool to Grade 3 Children’s Literacy and Math Skills
This meta-analysis found that educational apps can improve early literacy and math, especially for young children practicing specific foundational skills, but results vary widely by app design and study quality.
Using a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) to Develop an Adaptive K-2 Literacy Intervention with Personalized Print Texts and App-Based Digital Activities
This study shows that using topic-connected, rigorous texts and pairing digital gamification with family text reminders can enhance young students’ summer reading engagement and achievement.
Using a Factorial Design to Maximize the Effectiveness of a Parental Text Messaging Intervention
This study found that personalized, well-framed text messages improve student reading and family engagement, while generic messages can reduce their effectiveness.
Modeling Item-Level Heterogeneous Treatment Effects With the Explanatory Item Response Model: Leveraging Large-Scale Online Assessments to Pinpoint the Impact of Educational Interventions
This study reveals that analyzing item-level data uncovers how MORE strengthens students’ ability to transfer learning across subjects, even when overall test scores appear similar.
In the News
Teaching Reading Is Harder Than a Moon Landing—But the MORE Program Represents One Giant Leap
The New Gender Gaps: What to do as men and boys fall behind
Perspective | Halfway there
Teaching Science & Reading Together Yields Double Benefits for Learning
How Far Have We Come in Supporting Children’s Reading Comprehension?
Rethinking Reading
Meet the READS Lab Team
Mary Burkhauser
mary_burkhauser@gse.harvard.edu
Taylor Harrison
Doug Mosher
Ethan Scherer
ethan_scherer@gse.harvard.edu
Anna Slavin
anna_slavin@gse.harvard.edu
Johanna Tvedt
johanna_tvedt@gse.harvard.edu